Oishei (1886-1968) formed the Tri-Continental Corporation in 1917.
Apjohn's invention had a priority date in the UK of 9 October 1903. The brushes or wipers were intended to clean either both up and down or in just one direction on a vertical window. Irish born inventor James Henry Apjohn (1845–1914) patented an "Apparatus for Cleaning Carriage, Motor Car and other Windows" which was stated to use either brushes or wipers and could be either motor driven or hand driven. Less frequently, miniature wipers are installed on headlights to ensure that they function optimally.Īpjohn's 1903 window cleaning apparatus design For these types of winter conditions, some vehicles have additional heaters aimed at the windows, embedded heating wire(s) in the glass, or embedded heating wire(s) in the wiper blade these defroster systems can melt ice or help to keep snow and ice from building up on the windscreen. When antifreeze washer fluid is used, it can help the wipers remove snow or ice. This system helps remove dirt or dust from the windscreen when it is used in concert with the wiper blades. This system sprays water, or an antifreeze window washer fluid, at the windscreen using several well-positioned nozzles. On some vehicles, a windscreen washer system is also used to improve and expand the function of the wiper(s) to dry or icy conditions. Most personal automobiles use two synchronized radial-type arms, while many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms. On vehicles made after 1969, the speed is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds, and often one or more intermittent settings. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water, other precipitation, or any other impediments to visibility, from its surface. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric motor, although pneumatic power is also used for some vehicles. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, train locomotives, and watercraft with a cabin-and some aircraft-are equipped with one or more such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.Ī wiper generally consists of a metal arm one end pivots, the other end has a long rubber blade attached to it.
A train windscreen wiper in operation (MRT Jakarta)Ī windscreen wiper, windshield wiper or wiper blade ( American English) is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window.
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